Muktagachha upazila on the north, Bhaluka upazila on the south, Trishal and Mymensingh Sadar upazilas on the east, Ghatail, Madhupur and Muktagachha upazilas on the west.

Fulbaria thana, now an upazila, was established in 1867. The upazila consists of 13 union parishads, 104 mouzas and 137 villages.

Fulbaria Upazila is located in Mymensingh District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Mymensingh are Bhaluka Upazila, Dhobaura Upazila, Fulbaria Upazila, Gaffargaon Upazila, Gauripur Upazila, Haluaghat Upazila, Ishwarganj Upazila, Muktagachha Upazila, Mymensingh Sadar Upazila, Nandail Upazila, Phulpur Upazila, Trishal Upazila.