Haluaghat and Dhobaura upazilas on the north, Mymensingh Sadar upazila on the south, Gauripur and Purbadhala upazilas on the east, Nakla upazila on the west.

Phulpur thana was turned into an upazila in 1983. The upazila consists of 20 union parishads, 377 mouzas and 411 villages.

Phulpur Upazila is located in Mymensingh District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Mymensingh are Bhaluka Upazila, Dhobaura Upazila, Fulbaria Upazila, Gaffargaon Upazila, Gauripur Upazila, Haluaghat Upazila, Ishwarganj Upazila, Muktagachha Upazila, Mymensingh Sadar Upazila, Nandail Upazila, Phulpur Upazila, Trishal Upazila.